Cipro for sale online

Dewsnap C, Sauer cipro for sale online U, Evans C. Sex Transm Infect 2020;96:79. Doi. 10.1136/sextrans-2019-054397This article was previously published with missing information. Please note the below:The authors would like to acknowledge their gratitude to Daniel Richardson, Zara Haider, Ceri Evans, Janet Michaelis and Elizabeth Foley for providing a helpful format for this piece.Richardson D, Haider Z, Evans C, et al.

The joint BASHH-FSRH conference. Sex Transm Infect 2017;93:380. Doi. 10.1136/sextrans-2017-053184Using cytokine expression to distinguish between active and treated syphilis. Promising but not yet ready for prime timeDistinguishing between previously treated and active syphilis can be challenging in the subset of treated patients with serofast status, defined as persistent non-treponemal seropositivity (<4-fold decline in rapid plasma reagin titre ≥6 months after treatment).

The study investigated whether serum cytokine expression levels, measured with a 62-cytokine multiplex bead-based ELISA, can help guide clinical management. Using samples from patients with active, treated and serofast syphilis, the authors developed a two-cytokine (brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tumour necrosis factor β) decision tree that showed good accuracy (82%) and sensitivity (100%) but moderate specificity (45%). While further studies will be needed to confirm and refine the diagnostic algorithm, there also remain important technical, operational and financial barriers to implementing such cytokine assays in routine care.Kojima N, Siebert JC, Maecker H, et al. The application of cytokine expression assays to differentiate active from previously treated syphilis. J Infect Dis.

2020 [published online ahead of print, 2020 Mar 19].Global and regional prevalence of herpes simplex cipro type 2 . Updated estimates for people aged 15–49 yearsEstimates of genital herpes simplex cipro (HSV) s across regions inform advocacy and resource planning and guide the development of improved control measures, including treatments. In 2016, HSV-2 affected 13% of the global population aged 15–49 years (high-risk groups excluded), totalling 491 million people. Of note, by excluding people aged >49 years, the analysis knowingly underestimated the true burden of HSV-2 .1 Prevalence showed a slight increase relative to 2012 and was highest in Africa and Americas and among women. Given the association between HSV-2 and subsequent HIV ,2 it is concerning that HSV-2 was estimated to affect ~50% of women aged 25–34 years in the African region.

The analysis also estimated the prevalence of genital HSV-1 (3%), but uncertainty intervals were wide.James C, Harfouche M, Welton NJ, et al. Herpes simplex cipro. Global prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016. Bull World Health Organ. 2020.

98. 315-329.Observed pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in women with HIV exposed to recommended antiretroviral regimensThis large Italian observational cohort study analysed data from 794 pregnant women who were exposed within 32 weeks of gestation to recommended antiretroviral regimens in the period 2008–2018. Treatment comprised three-drug combinations of an nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) backbone plus a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (78%, predominantly atazanavir), an non-NRTI (NNRTI) (15%, predominantly nevirapine) or an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI. 6%, predominantly raltegravir). No major differences were found for a wide range of pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, including major congenital defects.

The rate of HIV transmission ranged up to 2.4% in this study. This comprehensive evaluation will be useful for clinicians caring for women with HIV. More outcome data are needed for regimens comprising second-generation INSTIs.Floridia M, Dalzero S, Giacomet V, et al. Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in women with HIV-1 exposed to integrase inhibitors, protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. An observational study.

2020;48:249–258.HIV status and sexual practice independently correlate with gut dysbiosis and unique microbiota signaturesGut dysbiosis may contribute to persistent inflammation in people with HIV (PWH) who receive antiretroviral therapy (ART). The study compared the gut microbiota of ART-treated PWH and HIV-negative controls matched for age, gender, country of birth, body mass index and sexual practice. Regardless of sex and sexual practice, the gut microbiota differed significantly in PWH vrsus controls, with expansion of proinflammatory gut bacteria and depletion of homeostasis-promoting microbiota members. The extent of dysbiosis correlated with serum inflammatory markers, nadir and pre-ART CD4 cell counts, and prevalence of non-infectious comorbidities. Further studies are warranted to elucidate causality and investigate microbiota-mediated strategies to alleviate HIV-associated inflammation.

Independent of HIV status, and in both men and women, receptive anal intercourse was associated with a unique microbiota signature.Vujkovic-Cvijin I, Sortino O, Verheij E, et al. HIV-associated gut dysbiosis is independent of sexual practice and correlates with non-communicable diseases. Nat Commun. 2020;11:2448.Reducing the cost of molecular STI screening in resource-limited settings. An optimised sample-pooling algorithms with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) are frequently asymptomatic and, if untreated, may lead to severe reproductive complications in women.

Molecular testing is highly sensitive but costly, especially for resource-limited settings. This modelling study explored a sample pooling strategy for CT and NG testing among women in Zambia. Based on cross-sectional data, participants were stratified into high, intermediate and low prevalence groups, and the respective specimens were mathematically modelled to be tested individually, in pools of 3, or pools of 4, using the GeneXpert instrument. Overall, the pooling strategy was found to maintain acceptable sensitivity (ranging from 80% to 100%), while significantly lowering cost per sample. Investigation in additional cohorts will validate whether the approach may increase access to STI screening where resourced are constrained.Connolly S, Kilembe W, Inambao M, et al.

A population-specific optimized GeneXpert pooling algorithm for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae to reduce cost of molecular STI screening in resource-limited settings. J Clin Microbiol. 2020 [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jun 10].Girl-only HPV vaccination can eliminate cervical cancer in most low and lower middle income countries by the end of the century, but must be supplemented by screening in high incidence countriesProgress towards the global elimination of cervical cancer must include effective interventions in lower-middle income countries (LMICs). The study modelled the effect over the next century of girls-only human papilloma cipro (HPV) vaccination with or without once-lifetime or twice-lifetime cervical screening in 78 LMICs, assuming 90% treatment coverage, 100% lifetime protection and screening uptake increasing from 45% (2023) to 90% (2045 onwards). Vaccination alone would substantially reduce cancer incidence (61 million cases averted) and achieve elimination (<5 cases per 100 000 women-years) in 60% of LMICs.

However, high-incidence countries, predominantly in Africa, might not reach elimination by vaccination alone. Adding twice-lifetime screening would achieve elimination of cervical cancer in 100% of LMICs. Results have informed the targets of 90% HPV vaccination coverage, 70% screening coverage and 90% of cervical lesions treated by 2030 recently announced by the WHO.Brisson M, Kim JJ, Canfell K, et al. Impact of HPV vaccination and cervical screening on cervical cancer elimination. A comparative modelling analysis in 78 low-income and lower-middle-income countries.

How can i buy cipro

Until Ayushman Bharat, India’s biggest experiment with public health insurance was the Rashtriya Swasthya how can i buy cipro get cipro online Bima Yojana (RSBY), literally translated from Hindi as ‘National Health Insurance Program’. Until its launch in 2008, nothing how can i buy cipro of this magnitude had been attempted. Ayushman Bharat is widely considered a large-scale upgrade of RSBY.

The Government of India, on its official how can i buy cipro website, india.gov.in, the National Portal of India, has had the humility to publicly admit to the failure of past efforts at public health insurance. It goes on to position the RSBY as an attempt at succour. The target beneficiaries of RSBY were how can i buy cipro families below poverty line (BPL).

Depending on which estimate one looks at, the proportion of the population that is BPL varies from 20% to 30%. Even taking into account the lower end of the estimate, that is, 20%, the approximate population in how can i buy cipro 2017 that would fall in the BPL category, out of a total population of approximately 1340 million, would be 270 million. The number of families, assuming 4.9 persons per family, would be 55.1 million.

Contrast this with the 35.8 million families enrolled under RSBY until 30 September 2017, the last date for which how can i buy cipro official government data are available, which is more than 9 years after its launch, there is a shortfall of 35%. If we took the higher end of the estimate, that is, 30%, the approximate population in 2017 that would fall in the BPL category, out of a total population of approximately 1340 million, would be 400 million. The number how can i buy cipro of families, assuming 4.9 persons per family, would be 81.6 million.

The shortfall would then be as high as 56%. One reason for this is that as of 30 September 2017, nine states/union territories of India (Chandigarh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Pondicherry, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand) were not part of the RSBY, as they …Adipose tissue inflammation has been proposed as a critical link between obesity and metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular how can i buy cipro diseases. In obese adipose tissue, macrophages and other immune cells are accumulated, triggering chronic inflammation.

Elevated proinflammatory immune cells not only dysregulate adipose tissue function but also subsequently elicit systemic inflammation through the production of how can i buy cipro inflammatory mediators. Particularly, inflammatory cytokines from adipose tissue have been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorder, including insulin resistance in peripheral tissues.1 As the correlation between adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic diseases has been well established, the resolution of adipose tissue inflammation using anti-inflammatory agents, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, has gained the attention as one of the therapeutic potentials for prevention and treatment of obesity-induced metabolic diseases.2 In addition, evidence of the relationship between inflammation and hypoxia in obese adipose tissue has highlighted hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) as a novel target against adipose tissue inflammation.In obesity, pathological expansion of adipose tissue leads to local hypoxia through several factors, such as adipocyte enlargement, insufficient neovascularisation, decreased blood flow and increased uncoupling respiration.3 Adipose tissue hypoxia could stabilise and activate HIFs that are the key transcription factors to mediate hypoxic responses, such as angiogenesis, vasodilation, erythropoiesis and glycolysis. HIFs are how can i buy cipro heterodimers composed of oxygen-sensitive α subunit (HIF-α) and constitutively expressed β subunit (HIF-1β).

Duplication of ancestral HIF-α coincided with the evolution of vertebrates, and three α subunits ….

Until Ayushman Bharat, India’s biggest experiment with public health insurance was the Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana cipro for sale online (RSBY), literally translated from Hindi as ‘National Health Insurance Program’. Until its launch in 2008, nothing cipro for sale online of this magnitude had been attempted. Ayushman Bharat is widely considered a large-scale upgrade of RSBY.

The Government of India, on its official website, india.gov.in, the National Portal of India, has had the humility to publicly admit to cipro for sale online the failure of past efforts at public health insurance. It goes on to position the RSBY as an attempt at succour. The target beneficiaries of RSBY were families below cipro for sale online poverty line (BPL).

Depending on which estimate one looks at, the proportion of the population that is BPL varies from 20% to 30%. Even taking into account the lower end of the estimate, that is, 20%, the approximate population in 2017 that would fall in the BPL category, out of a total population of approximately 1340 million, would be 270 million cipro for sale online. The number of families, assuming 4.9 persons per family, would be 55.1 million.

Contrast this with the 35.8 million families enrolled under RSBY until 30 September 2017, the last date for which official government data are available, which is more than 9 years after its launch, there is cipro for sale online a shortfall of 35%. If we took the higher end of the estimate, that is, 30%, the approximate population in 2017 that would fall in the BPL category, out of a total population of approximately 1340 million, would be 400 million. The number of families, assuming 4.9 persons per family, would be cipro for sale online 81.6 million.

The shortfall would then be as high as 56%. One reason for this is that as of 30 September 2017, nine states/union territories of India (Chandigarh, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Pondicherry, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand) were not part of the RSBY, as they …Adipose tissue inflammation has been cipro for sale online proposed as a critical link between obesity and metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In obese adipose tissue, macrophages and other immune cells are accumulated, triggering chronic inflammation.

Elevated proinflammatory immune cells not only dysregulate adipose tissue function but also cipro for sale online subsequently elicit systemic inflammation through the production of inflammatory mediators. Particularly, inflammatory cytokines from adipose tissue have been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorder, including insulin resistance in peripheral tissues.1 As the correlation between adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic diseases has been well established, the resolution of adipose tissue inflammation using anti-inflammatory agents, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, has gained the attention as one of the therapeutic potentials for prevention and treatment of obesity-induced metabolic diseases.2 In addition, evidence of the relationship between inflammation and hypoxia in obese adipose tissue has highlighted hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) as a novel target against adipose tissue inflammation.In obesity, pathological expansion of adipose tissue leads to local hypoxia through several factors, such as adipocyte enlargement, insufficient neovascularisation, decreased blood flow and increased uncoupling respiration.3 Adipose tissue hypoxia could stabilise and activate HIFs that are the key transcription factors to mediate hypoxic responses, such as angiogenesis, vasodilation, erythropoiesis and glycolysis. HIFs are heterodimers composed of oxygen-sensitive α subunit (HIF-α) and cipro for sale online constitutively expressed β subunit (HIF-1β).

Duplication of ancestral HIF-α coincided with the evolution of vertebrates, and three α subunits ….

What is Cipro?

CIPROFLOXACIN is a quinolone antibiotic. It can kill bacteria or stop their growth. It is used to treat many kinds of s, like urinary, respiratory, skin, gastrointestinal, and bone s. It will not work for colds, flu, or other viral s.

Cipro 500mg uses

October is cipro 500mg uses Mental Health Awareness Month and World Mental Health Day takes place on 10 October 2020. This year, the buy antibiotics cipro has added a new dimension to concerns regarding mental health in our communities. Across the globe stories continue to emerge of people’s experiences of anxiety, fear and depression cipro 500mg uses due to the uncertainty and stress brought on by the cipro.1–3 Job losses, financial and housing insecurity, the challenges of working from home, home schooling, restricted access to health and social care services and social isolation coupled with reduced support and contact with family and friends have all impacted people’s well-being.

There is particular concern about the mental health of healthcare workers during this difficult time.While most healthcare workers are resilient to the long-term effects of this period of stress and anxiety, there is the added worry about scarce resources, lack of cure or effective treatment options, isolation from family, coping with patient suffering and deaths and the moral and ethical impact of decisions as to who will receive acute care. These factors have significant potential for negative repercussions on the mental health and well-being of healthcare staff.4 5 There have been reports of high cipro 500mg uses levels of stress, depression and even suicides,6 and long-term effects include a higher risk for post-traumatic stress disorder or moral injury.5Healthcare organisations need to plan for the inevitable consequence of this cipro and ensure that resources are in place for their workers. Screening for mental health issues and treatment, including counselling, should be made available.

In addition, nurses and other healthcare staff should be encouraged to reflect on their experiences and consider cipro 500mg uses how to implement self-care strategies that will enhance their well-being. This includes staying informed of the current data and information and being aware of the risks to themselves and others while caring for patients with the cipro. By monitoring and enacting strategies to reduce stress and develop support systems, staff can minimise longer-term impacts.4Whether organisational support and self-care monitoring have achieved better mental health outcomes for healthcare workers is, as yet, unknown.

Research across the globe is underway not only related to the cipro itself but also to cipro 500mg uses the mental health consequences of the cipro. We do not yet know the extent of the issues or how best to support healthcare providers. In order to better understand the issues and to support nurses at this time, evidence-based nursing will focus our social media to mental health issues during the month of October cipro 500mg uses.

We will highlight and share relevant resources and information and encourage discussion of the key challenges facing healthcare workers.During October, we will showcase the experiences of four key groups—patients, nurses, students and informal carers and families. Be sure to log into evidence-based nursing each week for cipro 500mg uses the following blogs:October 4. Impact of buy antibiotics on patient mental health.October 11.

Impact of buy antibiotics on nurses’ mental health and.Twitter Chat on Wednesday October 14 at cipro 500mg uses 20:00 UK time.Oct. 18. Impact of buy antibiotics on student nursing.Oct.

25. Impact of buy antibiotics on informal carers and families.A PhD is a globally recognised postgraduate degree and typically the highest degree programme awarded by a University, with students usually required to expand the boundaries of knowledge by undertaking original research. The purpose of PhD programmes of study is to nurture, support and facilitate doctoral students to undertake independent research to expected academic and research standards, culminating in a substantial thesis and examined by viva voce.

In this paper—the first of two linked Research Made Simple articles—we explore what the foundations of a high-quality PhD are, and how a Doctoral candidate can develop a study which is successful, original and impactful.Foundations of a ‘good’ PhD studySupervision and supportCentral to the development and completion of a good PhD is the supervisory relationship between the student and supervisor. The supervisor guides the student by directing them to resources and training to ensure continuous learning, provides opportunity to engage with experts in the field, and facilitates the development of critical thinking through questioning and providing constructive criticism.1The support needs of students will be different, so a flexible yet quality assured approach to PhD research training is required. A good supervisory team (usually includes at least two postdoctoral academics) provide experienced guidance and mentorship and will offer students academic support, with regular meetings and timely feedback on written submissions, will assist the student to develop a peer network and help them access research communities relative to their field.

Effective supervision has beneficial outcomes for students, including encouraging a positive work ethic and influencing engagement in a stimulating environment, allowing students to pursue their own ideas with educated encouragement. The quality of the supervisory relationship can impact greatly on the PhD experience and ultimately sets the student on the road to producing excellent Doctoral work.1An environment that promotes personal and professional development is further aided by positive peer interactions. If students feel part of a community and have contact with others also working on doctoral studies, there is the scope for peer compassion and understanding during both challenging and rewarding periods.

Students who access personal and professional support and guidance through mentoring models during their studies are more likely to succeed. These models include one-to-one peer mentoring or activities for example journal discussion or methods learning groups. Often, groups of students naturally come together and give each other support and advice about research process expectations and challenges, and offer friendship, and guidance.2 Given the usefulness of different types of mentoring models, all can create a supportive and collaborative environment within a PhD programme of study, to minimise working in isolation and enable students to achieve their greatest potential.Characteristics of a good study.

Originality and theoretical underpinningA PhD should make an original contribution to knowledge. Originality can be achieved through the study design, the nature or outcomes of the knowledge synthesis, or the implications for research and/or practice.3 Disciplinary variation, however, influences the assessment of originality. For example, originality in science, technology, engineering and mathematics subjects is often inferred if the work is published/publishable, in comparison to intellectual originality in the social sciences.4 Although PhD originality assumes different nuances in different contexts, there is a general acceptance across disciplines that there should be evidence of the following within the thesis:An interplay between old and new—any claims of originality are developed from existing knowledge and practices.There are degrees of originality, relating to more than one aspect of the thesis.Any claims for originality are accompanied by clear articulation of significance.A good PhD should be also underpinned by theoretical and/or conceptual frameworks (that include philosophical and methodological models) that give clarity to the approach, structure and vision of the study.5 These theoretical and conceptual frameworks can explain why the study is pertinent and how the research addresses gaps in the literature.6 Table 1 provides a distinction of what construes theoretical and conceptual frameworks.View this table:Table 1 Characteristics of theoretical and conceptual frameworks7Theoretical/conceptual frameworks must align with the research question/aims, and the student must be able to articulate how conceptual/theoretical framework were chosen.

Key points for consideration include:Are the research questions/aim and objectives well defined?. What theory/theories/concepts are being operationalised?. How are the theories/concepts related?.

Are the ontological and epistemological perspectives clearly conveyed and how do they relate to theories and concepts outlined?. What are the potential benefits and limitations of the theories and concepts outlined?. Are the ways the theories/concepts are outlined and being used original?.

A PhD thesis (and demonstrable in viva) must be able to offer cohesion between the choice of research methods that stems from the conceptual/theoretical framework, the related ontological and epistemological decisions, the theoretical perspective and the chosen methodology (table 2). PhD students must be able to articulate the methodological decisions made and be critical of methods employed to answer their research questions.View this table:Table 2 Relationship between research paradigms, perspectives, methodologies and methods.8 9ConclusionIn summary, we offer considerations of what the foundations of a good PhD should be. We have considered some of the key ingredients of quality PhD supervision, support and research processes and explored how these will contribute to the development of a study that leads to student success and which makes a valuable contribution to the evidence base.

In the next paper, we will look in more detail at the assessment of the PhD through the submission of a thesis and an oral viva..

October is Mental Health Awareness cipro for sale online Month and http://reachoutla.com/low-cost-lasix/ World Mental Health Day takes place on 10 October 2020. This year, the buy antibiotics cipro has added a new dimension to concerns regarding mental health in our communities. Across the globe stories continue to emerge of people’s experiences of anxiety, fear and depression due to the uncertainty and stress brought on by the cipro.1–3 Job losses, financial and housing insecurity, the challenges of working from home, home schooling, restricted access to health and social care services and social isolation coupled with reduced support and contact with family and friends cipro for sale online have all impacted people’s well-being.

There is particular concern about the mental health of healthcare workers during this difficult time.While most healthcare workers are resilient to the long-term effects of this period of stress and anxiety, there is the added worry about scarce resources, lack of cure or effective treatment options, isolation from family, coping with patient suffering and deaths and the moral and ethical impact of decisions as to who will receive acute care. These factors have significant potential for negative repercussions on the mental health and well-being of healthcare staff.4 5 There have been reports of high levels of stress, depression and even suicides,6 and long-term effects include a higher risk for post-traumatic stress disorder or moral injury.5Healthcare organisations need to plan for the inevitable consequence of this cipro and ensure that resources cipro for sale online are in place for their workers. Screening for mental health issues and treatment, including counselling, should be made available.

In addition, nurses and other healthcare staff cipro for sale online should be encouraged to reflect on their experiences and consider how to implement self-care strategies that will enhance their well-being. This includes staying informed of the current data and information and being aware of the risks to themselves and others while caring for patients with the cipro. By monitoring and enacting strategies to reduce stress and develop support systems, staff can minimise longer-term impacts.4Whether organisational support and self-care monitoring have achieved better mental health outcomes for healthcare workers is, as yet, unknown.

Research across the globe is underway not cipro for sale online only related to the cipro itself but also to the mental health consequences of the cipro. We do not yet know the extent of the issues or how best to support healthcare providers. In order to better understand the issues and to support nurses at this time, evidence-based nursing will focus our social media to mental health issues during the cipro for sale online month of October.

We will highlight and share relevant resources and information and encourage discussion of the key challenges facing healthcare workers.During October, we will showcase the experiences of four key groups—patients, nurses, students and informal carers and families. Be sure to log into cipro for sale online evidence-based nursing each week for the following blogs:October 4. Impact of buy antibiotics on patient mental health.October 11.

Impact of buy antibiotics on nurses’ cipro for sale online mental health and.Twitter Chat on Wednesday October 14 at 20:00 UK time.Oct. 18. Impact of buy antibiotics on student nursing.Oct.

25. Impact of buy antibiotics on informal carers and families.A PhD is a globally recognised postgraduate degree and typically the highest degree programme awarded by a University, with students usually required to expand the boundaries of knowledge by undertaking original research. The purpose of PhD programmes of study is to nurture, support and facilitate doctoral students to undertake independent research to expected academic and research standards, culminating in a substantial thesis and examined by viva voce.

In this paper—the first of two linked Research Made Simple articles—we explore what the foundations of a high-quality PhD are, and how a Doctoral candidate can develop a study which is successful, original and impactful.Foundations of a ‘good’ PhD studySupervision and supportCentral to the development and completion of a good PhD is the supervisory relationship between the student and supervisor. The supervisor guides the student by directing them to resources and training to ensure continuous learning, provides opportunity to engage with experts in the field, and facilitates the development of critical thinking through questioning and providing constructive criticism.1The support needs of students will be different, so a flexible yet quality assured approach to PhD research training is required. A good supervisory team (usually includes at least two postdoctoral academics) provide experienced guidance and mentorship and will offer students academic support, with regular meetings and timely feedback on written submissions, will assist the student to develop a peer network and help them access research communities relative to their field.

Effective supervision has beneficial outcomes for students, including encouraging a positive work ethic and influencing engagement in a stimulating environment, allowing students to pursue their own ideas with educated encouragement. The quality of the supervisory relationship can impact greatly on the PhD experience and ultimately sets the student on the road to producing excellent Doctoral work.1An environment that promotes personal and professional development is further aided by positive peer interactions. If students feel part of a community and have contact with others also working on doctoral studies, there is the scope for peer compassion and understanding during both challenging and rewarding periods.

Students who access personal and professional support and guidance through mentoring models during their studies are more likely to succeed. These models include one-to-one peer mentoring or activities for example journal discussion or methods learning groups. Often, groups of students naturally come together and give each other support and advice about research process expectations and challenges, and offer friendship, and guidance.2 Given the usefulness of different types of mentoring models, all can create a supportive and collaborative environment within a PhD programme of study, to minimise working in isolation and enable students to achieve their greatest potential.Characteristics of a good study.

Originality and theoretical underpinningA PhD should make an original contribution to knowledge. Originality can be achieved through the study design, the nature or outcomes of the knowledge synthesis, or the implications for research and/or practice.3 Disciplinary variation, however, influences the assessment of originality. For example, originality in science, technology, engineering and mathematics subjects is often inferred if the work is published/publishable, in comparison to intellectual originality in the social sciences.4 Although PhD originality assumes different nuances in different contexts, there is a general acceptance across disciplines that there should be evidence of the following within the thesis:An interplay between old and new—any claims of originality are developed from existing knowledge and practices.There are degrees of originality, relating to more than one aspect of the thesis.Any claims for originality are accompanied by clear articulation of significance.A good PhD should be also underpinned by theoretical and/or conceptual frameworks (that include philosophical and methodological models) that give clarity to the approach, structure and vision of the study.5 These theoretical and conceptual frameworks can explain why the study is pertinent and how the research addresses gaps in the literature.6 Table 1 provides a distinction of what construes theoretical and conceptual frameworks.View this table:Table 1 Characteristics of theoretical and conceptual frameworks7Theoretical/conceptual frameworks must align with the research question/aims, and the student must be able to articulate how conceptual/theoretical framework were chosen.

Key points for consideration include:Are the research questions/aim and objectives well defined?. What theory/theories/concepts are being operationalised?. How are the theories/concepts related?.

Are the ontological and epistemological perspectives clearly conveyed and how do they relate to theories and concepts outlined?. What are the potential benefits and limitations of the theories and concepts outlined?. Are the ways the theories/concepts are outlined and being used original?.

A PhD thesis (and demonstrable in viva) must be able to offer cohesion between the choice of research methods that stems from the conceptual/theoretical framework, the related ontological and epistemological decisions, the theoretical perspective and the chosen methodology (table 2). PhD students must be able to articulate the methodological decisions made and be critical of methods employed to answer their research questions.View this table:Table 2 Relationship between research paradigms, perspectives, methodologies and methods.8 9ConclusionIn summary, we offer considerations of what the foundations of a good PhD should be. We have considered some of the key ingredients of quality PhD supervision, support and research processes and explored how these will contribute to the development of a study that leads to student success and which makes a valuable contribution to the evidence base.

In the next paper, we will look in more detail at the assessment of the PhD through the submission of a thesis and an oral viva..

Does cipro contain sulfa

Wildfires have recently devastated regions across the world, and their severity is increasing does cipro contain sulfa. Hoping to reduce harm, researchers led by Yapei Wang, a chemist at Renmin University of China, say they have developed an inexpensive sensor to detect such blazes earlier and with less effort.Current detection methods rely heavily on human watchfulness, which can delay an effective response. Most wildfires are reported by the general public, and does cipro contain sulfa other alerts come from routine foot patrols and watchtower observers. Passing planes and satellites also occasionally spot something, but “the fire [first] appears on the ground,” Wang says. €œWhen [you see] the fire from the sky … it is too late.”The team says does cipro contain sulfa its new sensor can be placed near tree trunks' bases and send a wireless signal to a nearby receiver if there is a dramatic temperature increase.

That heat also powers the sensor itself, eliminating the need to replace batteries. The key is molten salts called ionic liquids. An abrupt temperature change causes electrons to migrate does cipro contain sulfa within the liquids, creating electrical energy that triggers electrodes to send the signal. The team printed the substances onto ordinary paper to create a sensor for just $0.40, as described in June in ACS Applied Materials &. Interfaces.Jessica McCarty, a does cipro contain sulfa geographer at Miami University in Ohio, who was not involved in the study, says places such as San Diego—where wildland and city meet—could potentially benefit from sensors like this.

When a fire breaks out in a canyon that extends to someone's property, she says, with such a device, “you know that as a homeowner before the fire agency may have detected it.”But improving coordination among the different agencies involved in firefighting is even more crucial to address, says Graham Kent, a seismologist at the University of Nevada, Reno, who was also not part of the study. Kent is director of ALERTWildfire, a network that uses cameras and crowdsourcing to watch for fires in California, Nevada and Oregon. €œThe whole way that you respond to a fire until it's put out is like a ballet,” does cipro contain sulfa he says. €œYou'd have to choreograph it just so,” with resources allocated at precisely the right time and place from detection to confirmation to dispatch to extinguishing. €œFire detection is does cipro contain sulfa just step one.

If you blow steps two through 98, all that technology … just doesn't matter.”Wang says his team's next steps are to extend the device's signal range beyond the current 100 meters, which can limit practical use, and to develop a protective shield for it. The transmitter's effectiveness, McCarty notes, will also need to be tested in the field..

Wildfires have recently devastated regions across the cipro for sale online world, and their severity is increasing. Hoping to reduce harm, researchers led by Yapei Wang, a chemist at Renmin University of China, say they have developed an inexpensive sensor to detect such blazes earlier and with less effort.Current detection methods rely heavily on human watchfulness, which can delay an effective response. Most wildfires are reported by the general public, and other alerts come cipro for sale online from routine foot patrols and watchtower observers. Passing planes and satellites also occasionally spot something, but “the fire [first] appears on the ground,” Wang says. €œWhen [you see] the fire from the sky … it is too late.”The team says its new sensor can be placed near tree trunks' bases and send a wireless signal to a nearby receiver if there cipro for sale online is a dramatic temperature increase.

That heat also powers the sensor itself, eliminating the need to replace batteries. The key is molten salts called ionic liquids. An abrupt temperature change causes electrons cipro for sale online to migrate within the liquids, creating electrical energy that triggers electrodes to send the signal. The team printed the substances onto ordinary paper to create a sensor for just $0.40, as described in June in ACS Applied Materials &. Interfaces.Jessica McCarty, a geographer at Miami University in Ohio, who was not involved in the study, says places such as San Diego—where wildland and city cipro for sale online meet—could potentially benefit from sensors like this.

When a fire breaks out in a canyon that extends to someone's property, she says, with such a device, “you know that as a homeowner before the fire agency may have detected it.”But improving coordination among the different agencies involved in firefighting is even more crucial to address, says Graham Kent, a seismologist at the University of Nevada, Reno, who was also not part of the study. Kent is director of ALERTWildfire, a network that uses cameras and crowdsourcing to watch for fires in California, Nevada and Oregon. €œThe whole way that you respond to a fire until it's put out is like a ballet,” cipro for sale online he says. €œYou'd have to choreograph it just so,” with resources allocated at precisely the right time and place from detection to confirmation to dispatch to extinguishing. €œFire detection is just step one cipro for sale online.

If you blow steps two through 98, all that technology … just doesn't matter.”Wang says his team's next steps are to extend the device's signal range beyond the current 100 meters, which can limit practical use, and to develop a protective shield for it. The transmitter's effectiveness, McCarty notes, will also need to be tested in the field..

Can you take advil with cipro

About Asking Never Hurts A series of can you take advil with cipro columns addressing the challenges consumers face in California’s health care landscape.Send questions to bwolfson@kff.org. Use Our Content This story can be republished for free (details). If your life these days is anything like mine, a pre-cipro routine that included regular exercise and disciplined eating has probably given way to sedentary evenings on a big chair, binge-watching reruns of your favorite TV series while guzzling chocolate ice cream or mac ’n’ cheese.But let’s not beat ourselves up about it. Several doctors I spoke with recently said most of their patients and many of their colleagues are can you take advil with cipro struggling to maintain healthy habits amid the anxiety of the cipro. €œThe Quarantine 15” (pounds, that is) is a real phenomenon.The double challenge of protecting our health, including our immune systems, while battling unhealthy temptations “is a struggle everyone is dealing with,” says Dr. David Kilgore, director of the integrative medicine program at the University can you take advil with cipro of California-Irvine.

Email Sign-Up Subscribe to California Healthline’s free Daily Edition. Well before buy antibiotics, more than 40% of can you take advil with cipro U.S. Adults were obese, which puts them at risk for buy antibiotics’s worst outcomes. But even people accustomed to physical fitness and good nutrition are having trouble can you take advil with cipro breaking the bad habits they’ve developed over the past five months.Karen Clark, a resident of Knoxville, Tennessee, discovered competitive rowing later in life, and her multiple weekly workouts burned off any excess calories she consumed. But the cipro changed everything.

She could no longer meet can you take advil with cipro up with her teammates to row and stopped working out at the YMCA.Suddenly, she was cooped up at home. And, as for many people, that led to a more sedentary lifestyle, chained to the desk, with no meetings outside the house or walks to lunch with colleagues.“I reverted to comfort food and comfortable routines and watching an awful lot of Netflix and Amazon Prime, just like everybody else,” Clark says. €œWhen I gained 10 pounds and I was 25, I just cut out the beer and can you take advil with cipro ice cream for a week. When you gain 12 pounds at 62, it’s a long road back.”She started along that road in July, when she stopped buying chips, ice cream and other treats. And in August, she rediscovered the rowing machine in her basement.But can you take advil with cipro don’t worry if you lack Clark’s discipline, or a rowing machine.

You can still regain some control over your life.A good way to start is to establish some basic daily routines, since in many cases that’s exactly what the cipro has taken away, says Dr. W. Scott Butsch, director of obesity medicine at the Cleveland Clinic’s Bariatric and Metabolic Institute. He recommends you “bookend” your day with physical activity, which can be as simple as a short walk in the morning and a longer one after work.And, especially if you have kids at home who will be studying remotely this fall, prepare your meals at the beginning of the day, or even the beginning of the week, he says.If you haven’t exercised in a while, “start slow and gradually get yourself up to where you can tolerate an elevated heart rate,” says Dr. Leticia Polanco, a family medicine doctor with the South Bay Primary Medical Group, just south of San Diego.

If your gym is closed or you can’t get together with your regular exercise buddies, there are plenty of ways to get your body moving at home and in your neighborhood, she says.Go for a walk, a run or a bike ride, if one of those activities appeals to you. Though many jurisdictions across the United States require residents to wear masks when out in public, it may not be necessary — and may even be harmful to some people with respiratory conditions — while doing strenuous exercise.“It’s clearly hard to exercise with a mask on,” says Dr. Yvonne Maldonado, a pediatrician specializing in infectious diseases at Stanford University’s School of Medicine. €œWe go hiking up in the foothills and we take our masks with us and we don’t wear them unless somebody starts coming the other way. Then we will put the mask on, and then we take it off and we keep going.”If you prefer to avoid the mask question altogether, think of your house as a cleverly disguised gym.

Put on music and dance, or hula-hoop, Polanco suggests. You can also pump iron if you have dumbbells, or find a cable TV station with yoga or other workout programs.If you search on the internet for “exercise videos,” you will find countless workouts for beginners and experienced fitness buffs alike. Try one of the seven-minute workout apps so popular these days. You can download them from Google Play or the Apple Store.If you miss the camaraderie of exercising with others, virtual fitness groups might seem like a pale substitute, but they can provide motivation and accountability, as well as livestreamed video workouts with like-minded exercisers. One way to find such groups is to search for “virtual fitness community.”Many gyms are also offering live digital fitness classes and physical training sessions, often advertised on their websites.If group sports is your thing, you may or may not have options, depending on where you live.In Los Angeles, indoor and outdoor group sports in municipal parks are shut down until further notice.

The only sports allowed are tennis and golf.In Montgomery County, Maryland, the Ron Schell Draft League, a softball league for men 50 and older, will resume play early this month after sitting out the spring season due to buy antibiotics, says Dave Hyder, the league’s commissioner.But he says it has been difficult to get enough players because of worries about buy antibiotics.“In the senior group, you have quite a lot of people who are in a high-risk category or may have a spouse in a high-risk category, and they don’t want to chance playing,” says Hyder, 67, who does plan to play.Players will have to stay at least 6 feet apart and wear masks while off the field. On the field, the catcher is the only player required to wear a mask. That’s because masks can steam up glasses or slip, causing impaired vision that could be dangerous to base runners or fielders, Hyder explains.Whatever form of exercise you choose, remember it won’t keep you healthy unless you also reduce consumption of fatty and sugary foods that can raise your risk of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes and hypertension — all buy antibiotics risk factors.Kim Guess, a dietitian at UC-Berkeley, recommends that people lay in a healthy supply of beans and lentils, whole grains, nuts and seeds, as well as frozen vegetables, tofu, tempeh and canned fish, such as tuna and salmon.“Start with something really simple,” she said. €œIt could even be a vegetable side dish to go with what they’re used to preparing.”Whatever first steps you decide to take, now is a good time to start eating better and moving your body more.Staying healthy is “so important these days, more than at any other time, because we are fighting this cipro which doesn’t have a treatment,” says the Cleveland Clinic’s Butsch. €œThe treatment is our immune system.” Bernard J.

Wolfson. bwolfson@kff.org, @bjwolfson Related Topics Asking Never Hurts Public Health States buy antibiotics NutritionCan’t see the audio player?. Click here to listen. About This Podcast Health care — and how much it costs — is scary. But you’re not alone with this stuff, and knowledge is power.

€œAn Arm and a Leg” is a podcast about these issues, and its second season is co-produced by KHN. Barbara Faubion’s boss, an insurance broker, used to tell clients. €œListen, you don’t need to be on the phone for four hours with Blue Cross Blue Shield. Let us do that. I have a person.”Faubion was that person.

And she got up every day psyched to go to work, which she said puzzled her friends.“They’d go, ‘You love your job?. !. ?. You spend your whole day talking to an insurance company. Are you kidding me?.

€™â€She was not kidding. Faubion loved to win — and she was really, really good at untangling other people’s health insurance problems.Now she’s going to teach us some of what she knows.So why doesn’t every health insurance broker have someone like Faubion on staff?. ProPublica reporter Marshall Allen has that answer. There are big clues in his 2019 story about industry commissions and bonuses.“An Arm and a Leg” is a co-production of Kaiser Health News and Public Road Productions.To keep in touch with “An Arm and a Leg,” subscribe to the newsletter. You can also follow the show on Facebook and Twitter.

And if you’ve got stories to tell about the health care system, the producers would love to hear from you.To hear all Kaiser Health News podcasts, click here.And subscribe to “An Arm and a Leg” on iTunes, Pocket Casts, Google Play or Spotify. This story was produced by Kaiser Health News, an editorially independent program of the Kaiser Family Foundation. Related Topics Cost and Quality Health Care Costs Health Industry Insight Insurance Multimedia An Arm and a Leg Podcasts.

About Asking cipro for sale online Never Hurts A series of columns addressing the challenges consumers face in California’s health care landscape.Send questions to bwolfson@kff.org. Use Our Content This story can be republished for free (details). If your life these days is anything like mine, a pre-cipro routine that included regular exercise and disciplined eating has probably given way to sedentary evenings on a big chair, binge-watching reruns of your favorite TV series while guzzling chocolate ice cream or mac ’n’ cheese.But let’s not beat ourselves up about it. Several doctors I spoke with recently said most of their patients and many of their colleagues are struggling to maintain healthy habits amid the anxiety of cipro for sale online the cipro. €œThe Quarantine 15” (pounds, that is) is a real phenomenon.The double challenge of protecting our health, including our immune systems, while battling unhealthy temptations “is a struggle everyone is dealing with,” says Dr.

David Kilgore, director of the integrative medicine program at cipro for sale online the University of California-Irvine. Email Sign-Up Subscribe to California Healthline’s free Daily Edition. Well cipro for sale online before buy antibiotics, more than 40% of U.S. Adults were obese, which puts them at risk for buy antibiotics’s worst outcomes.

But even people cipro for sale online accustomed to physical fitness and good nutrition are having trouble breaking the bad habits they’ve developed over the past five months.Karen Clark, a resident of Knoxville, Tennessee, discovered competitive rowing later in life, and her multiple weekly workouts burned off any excess calories she consumed. But the cipro changed everything. She could no longer meet up cipro for sale online with her teammates to row and stopped working out at the YMCA.Suddenly, she was cooped up at home. And, as for many people, that led to a more sedentary lifestyle, chained to the desk, with no meetings outside the house or walks to lunch with colleagues.“I reverted to comfort food and comfortable routines and watching an awful lot of Netflix and Amazon Prime, just like everybody else,” Clark says.

€œWhen I cipro for sale online gained 10 pounds and I was 25, I just cut out the beer and ice cream for a week. When you gain 12 pounds at 62, it’s a long road back.”She started along that road in July, when she stopped buying chips, ice cream and other treats. And in August, she rediscovered the rowing machine in her basement.But don’t worry if you lack Clark’s discipline, cipro for sale online or a rowing machine. You can still regain some control over your life.A good way to start is to establish some basic daily routines, since in many cases that’s exactly what the cipro has taken away, says Dr.

W. Scott Butsch, director of obesity medicine at the Cleveland Clinic’s Bariatric and Metabolic Institute. He recommends you “bookend” your day with physical activity, which can be as simple as a short walk in the morning and a longer one after work.And, especially if you have kids at home who will be studying remotely this fall, prepare your meals at the beginning of the day, or even the beginning of the week, he says.If you haven’t exercised in a while, “start slow and gradually get yourself up to where you can tolerate an elevated heart rate,” says Dr. Leticia Polanco, a family medicine doctor with the South Bay Primary Medical Group, just south of San Diego.

If your gym is closed or you can’t get together with your regular exercise buddies, there are plenty of ways to get your body moving at home and in your neighborhood, she says.Go for a walk, a run or a bike ride, if one of those activities appeals to you. Though many jurisdictions across the United States require residents to wear masks when out in public, it may not be necessary — and may even be harmful to some people with respiratory conditions — while doing strenuous exercise.“It’s clearly hard to exercise with a mask on,” says Dr. Yvonne Maldonado, a pediatrician specializing in infectious diseases at Stanford University’s School of Medicine. €œWe go hiking up in the foothills and we take our masks with us and we don’t wear them unless somebody starts coming the other way.

Then we will put the mask on, and then we take it off and we keep going.”If you prefer to avoid the mask question altogether, think of your house as a cleverly disguised gym. Put on music and dance, or hula-hoop, Polanco suggests. You can also pump iron if you have dumbbells, or find a cable TV station with yoga or other workout programs.If you search on the internet for “exercise videos,” you will find countless workouts for beginners and experienced fitness buffs alike. Try one of the seven-minute workout apps so popular these days.

You can download them from Google Play or the Apple Store.If you miss the camaraderie of exercising with others, virtual fitness groups might seem like a pale substitute, but they can provide motivation and accountability, as well as livestreamed video workouts with like-minded exercisers. One way to find such groups is to search for “virtual fitness community.”Many gyms are also offering live digital fitness classes and physical training sessions, often advertised on their websites.If group sports is your thing, you may or may not have options, depending on where you live.In Los Angeles, indoor and outdoor group sports in municipal parks are shut down until further notice. The only sports allowed are tennis and golf.In Montgomery County, Maryland, the Ron Schell Draft League, a softball league for men 50 and older, will resume play early this month after sitting out the spring season due to buy antibiotics, says Dave Hyder, the league’s commissioner.But he says it has been difficult to get enough players because of worries about buy antibiotics.“In the senior group, you have quite a lot of people who are in a high-risk category or may have a spouse in a high-risk category, and they don’t want to chance playing,” says Hyder, 67, who does plan to play.Players will have to stay at least 6 feet apart and wear masks while off the field. On the field, the catcher is the only player required to wear a mask.

That’s because masks can steam up glasses or slip, causing impaired vision that could be dangerous to base runners or fielders, Hyder explains.Whatever form of exercise you choose, remember it won’t keep you healthy unless you also reduce consumption of fatty and sugary foods that can raise your risk of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes and hypertension — all buy antibiotics risk factors.Kim Guess, a dietitian at UC-Berkeley, recommends that people lay in a healthy supply of beans and lentils, whole grains, nuts and seeds, as well as frozen vegetables, tofu, tempeh and canned fish, such as tuna and salmon.“Start with something really simple,” she said. €œIt could even be a vegetable side dish to go with what they’re used to preparing.”Whatever first steps you decide to take, now is a good time to start eating better and moving your body more.Staying healthy is “so important these days, more than at any other time, because we are fighting this cipro which doesn’t have a treatment,” says the Cleveland Clinic’s Butsch. €œThe treatment is our immune system.” Bernard J. Wolfson.

bwolfson@kff.org, @bjwolfson Related Topics Asking Never Hurts Public Health States buy antibiotics NutritionCan’t see the audio player?. Click here to listen. About This Podcast Health care — and how much it costs — is scary. But you’re not alone with this stuff, and knowledge is power.

€œAn Arm and a Leg” is a podcast about these issues, and its second season is co-produced by KHN. Barbara Faubion’s boss, an insurance broker, used to tell clients. €œListen, you don’t need to be on the phone for four hours with Blue Cross Blue Shield. Let us do that.

I have a person.”Faubion was that person. And she got up every day psyched to go to work, which she said puzzled her friends.“They’d go, ‘You love your job?. !. ?.

You spend your whole day talking to an insurance company. Are you kidding me?. €™â€She was not kidding. Faubion loved to win — and she was really, really good at untangling other people’s health insurance problems.Now she’s going to teach us some of what she knows.So why doesn’t every health insurance broker have someone like Faubion on staff?.

ProPublica reporter Marshall Allen has that answer. There are big clues in his 2019 story about industry commissions and bonuses.“An Arm and a Leg” is a co-production of Kaiser Health News and Public Road Productions.To keep in touch with “An Arm and a Leg,” subscribe to the newsletter. You can also follow the show on Facebook and Twitter. And if you’ve got stories to tell about the health care system, the producers would love to hear from you.To hear all Kaiser Health News podcasts, click here.And subscribe to “An Arm and a Leg” on iTunes, Pocket Casts, Google Play or Spotify.

This story was produced by Kaiser Health News, an editorially independent program of the Kaiser Family Foundation. Related Topics Cost and Quality Health Care Costs Health Industry Insight Insurance Multimedia An Arm and a Leg Podcasts.